Water Treatment (Water Purification)

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Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment. Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable components, or reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. This treatment is crucial to human health and allows humans to benefit from both drinking and irrigation use.

During the water treatment process, raw (untreated) water is pre-treated by dosing with chemicals and then passes to the clarifiers for removal of relatively large particles and impurities in water. Clarified water then flows into filters for filtering out the more finely divided particles. The filtered water is disinfected before supply to the public. A small amount of residual chlorine is maintained in the water to prevent bacterial growth on the rest of its journey. Fluoride is also added for dental protection.